He had one elder brother from his father's first marriage.
Carl Friedrich was christened and confirmed in a church near the school he attended as a child. He was experienced in writing and calculating, but his wife Dorothea (1743–1839), Carl Friedrich's mother, was nearly illiterate. Gauss characterized his father as an honourable and respected man, but rough and dominating at home. His father Gebhard Dietrich Gauss (1744–1808) worked in several jobs as butcher, bricklayer, gardener, and additionally as treasurer of a death benefit fund. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was born on 30 April 1777 in Brunswick (Braunschweig), in the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (now part of Lower Saxony, Germany), to a family of lower social status.
Gauss married twice and had six children, and died of a heart attack in 1855 in Göttingen.īiography Youth and education House of birth in Brunswick (destroyed in World War II) Caricature of Abraham Gotthelf Kästner by Gauss (1795) He believed that the act of learning, not possession of knowledge, granted the greatest enjoyment. Gauss was known to dislike teaching, but some of his students became influential mathematicians. Gauss was a careful author and refused to publish incomplete work, and though having published extensively, he left a substantial number of posthumous works. His work on the motion of planetoids disturbed by large planets led to the introduction of the Gaussian gravitational constant and the method of least squares, which is still used in all sciences to minimize measurement error.įurthermore, Gauss invented the heliotrope in 1821, a magnetometer in 1833, and alongside Wilhelm Eduard Weber, invented the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833. He is credited with inventing the fast Fourier transform algorithm and was instrumental in the discovery of the dwarf planet Ceres. Gauss published the second and third complete proofs of the fundamental theorem of algebra, made contributions to number theory and developed the theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms. Later he was director of the Göttingen Observatory and professor at the university for nearly half a century, from 1807 until his death in 1855. Gauss completed his masterpieces Disquisitiones Arithmeticae and Theoria motus corporum coelestium as a private scholar. Gauss was a child prodigy in mathematics, and while still a student at the University of Göttingen he propounded several mathematical theorems. Gauss ranks among history's most influential mathematicians. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (German: Gauß ⓘ Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician, geodesist, and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science.
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